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1. BACKGROUND
The development of science and technology marked by
progress in the field of information and communication technology currently has
been so rapid, so put a nation in the position of the extent to which the
nation forward based on how far the nation had mastered both fields above. The
nation of Indonesia is one of the Nations which live in a global environment,
then inevitably must also be involved in advancing SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY
mastery pullback. In particular for the benefit of the nation itself. To
achieve that purpose Government poured it in one form of national development
goals and direction, i.e. sectors/areas of SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY. The
direction of the SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY sector has been in the national
development is intended to:
1. Determine the success of the community building
forward and independent.
2. Accelerate the improvement of intelligence and
ability, and
3. to speed up the process of renewal.
While the targets to be achieved from the efforts of
the development of information and communication technologies was among his is
to:
1. Enhance the well-being, the progress of
civilization, toughness, and the competitiveness of Nations.
2. Stimulating sustainable development and
environmentally.
3. Towards a society that advanced, independent,
quality and peace (P3TIE-BPPT 2001:69).
II. INTRODUCTION TO BASIC NOTIONS OF COMPUTER
INFORMASA TECHNOLOGY
The computer is a series or group of electronic machines
that consists of thousands even millions of components that can cooperate, as
well as forming a working system that is neat and thorough. This system could
then be used to carry out a series of job automatically, based on the sequence
of instructions or programs that are given to him.
The existing definition gives the meaning that the
computer has more than one part to each other to work together, and that the
new parts could work if there was a flow of electricity that flows in it. The
term about a group of machines, or terms concerning millions of components
known as computer hardware or computer hardware.
Computer hardware can also be interpreted as a
physical piece of equipment from the computer itself. Physical equipment can be
seen, held or moved.
In this case, the computer may not be able to work
without any program that has been put into it. This program could be a
procedure of peng-operasian from the computer itself or as a procedure in terms
of processing data that has been defined earlier. And it is this programs are
then referred to as computer software or computer software.
In a sense the most widespread, computer software
could be interpreted as an operating procedure. In principle, the computer is
simply is a tool; A tool that can be used to help humans in completing his
work. To be able to work, the tool requires the existence of programs and
people. Understanding human later known with brainware (devices).
The concept of hardware – software – brainware is the
concept of a single tri-can not be separated with each other. For the first
step, the humans must enter first into the computer program. After following
the program stored in the computer, then the computer can work to help resolve
the issue in a man or his work.
Here is the notion of computers according to some
figures:
According to Blissmer (1985)
a computer is an electronic device that is capable of
performing some task, namely to receive input, process the input in accordance
with the instructions given, save the commandments and the results of
processing, as well as providing an output in the form of information.
According to Sanders (1985)
a computer is an electronic system to manipulate data
quickly and precisely as well as designed and organized so that it
automatically receives and stores input data, process it, and generate output
based on the instructions that have been stored in memory. And many more
experts who try to define it differently on your computer. However, in essence
it can be concluded that a computer is an electronic equipment that can receive
input, process the input, providing information, using a program stored in
computer memory, can store program and the results of processing, as well as
working automatically.
From this definition there are three important terms,
i.e. input (data), data processing, and information (output). Data processing
with the use of computers, known as data processing electronics (PDE) or
elecronic data processing (EDP). The data is a collection of events that was
made from a reality (fact), can be either numbers, letters, symbols, or a
combination of the three. The data is still not able to tell you much that
needs to be processed further.
Data processing is a process of manipulation of data
into a form that is more useful and more means, namely in the form of an
information. Thus, the information is the result of a data-processing
activities that provide a more meaningful form of a fact. Therefore, electronic
data processing is the process of manipulation of data into a form that is more
meaningful in the form of an information by using an electronic device, namely
the computer.
Understanding computer from several books: according
to the Annual Computer Book (Robert h. Blissmer).
A computer is an electronic device that is capable of
doing some tasks as follows:
• Receive Input
• Process Input last in accordance with programmnya
• Save orders – orders and results of processing
• Provide an Output in the form of information
• According to the book Computer Today (Donald h.
Sanders).
a computer is an electronic system to manipulate data
quickly and precisely as well as designed and organized so that it
automatically receives and stores input data, process it and menghasilkanoutput
under the supervision of a step-by-step instruction-instruction program stored
in memory (stored program).
According to the book of Computer Organization (V.C.
Hamacher, Z.G. Vranesic. S.G. Zaky).
a computer is an electronic counter machine that can
quickly receive information digital input, process it in accordance with a
program stored in its memory (stored program) and generates output information.
According to the book Introduction To The Computer,
The Tool Of Business (William m. Fouri).
the computer is a data processing (data processor)
that can do big and fast calculations, including the calculation of arithmetic
or logic operations, without the intervention of human beings operate during
processing.
According to the book "Computers IntroductionTo
(Gordon b. Davis).
the computer is a special type of instrument counters
have certain properties.
Of some of the definitions of the various books, it
can be concluded that the computer is:
• Electronic Tool
• can receive Input data
• Can process data
• can provide information
• using a program stored in computer memory (stored
program).
• can store program and the results of processing
• work automatically
While the program is a detailed set of instructions or
commands that are well prepared so that computers can perform its functions in
a manner that is already certain. Along with the changing world of technology
then it might be Understanding the computer itself will undergo changes
according to the context. Interested about computer PAL can also read the
history of the computer and knowledge of computer hardware.
So a versatile digital and computerize currently
result in our lives can not be separated from the name of the computer.
Computer word in fact comes from COMPUTARE Greece Language: meaning count.
Based on the meaning, then the computer can be literally interpreted as an
electronic tool has the ability to do data processing information in the form
of text, pictures or sounds to produce output that we want.
The following is the understanding and definition of
Computers according to some experts:
1. HAMACHER
Computer electronic counter is a machine that quickly
and can accept digital input information, then process it in accordance with
program stored in its memory and generate output in the form of information
2. BLISSMER
A computer is an electronic device that is capable of
doing some tasks as follows: accept inputs, process the input above in
accordance with the program, keep the commandments and the result of
processing, as well as providing an output in the form of information
3. FUORI
The computer is a data processor that can perform
large computations quickly, including the calculation of arithmetic and
operations without human intervention.
4. ELIAS m. AWAD
The computer is a tool to calculate the process data
that is presented in the form of discrete (digital) and continuous data
(analog).
5. LARRY LONG & NANCY LONG
A computer is an electronic calculators that are able
to interpret and execute commands programmed for input, output, calculations,
and logical operations
6. ROBERT H. BLISSMER
A computer is an electronic tool that is able to
perform the task, among others, accept inputs, process the input in accordance
with the program, keep the commandments and results processing, provide output
in the form of information.
7. DONALD H. SANDERS
A computer is an electronic system to manipulate data
quickly and precisely as well as designed and organized so that it
automatically receives and stores input data, process them and produce output,
belerjanya is controlled by a program stored in its storage and the program
known as operation system
8. WILLIAMS, SAWYER
The computer is a multi-purpose machine that can be
programmed, which receive data (facts and pictures of the rough) and process or
manipulate it into information that we can use.
Wait For The Sequel!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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